1. Uhlobo lokuguga lwezinto ze-polymer
Izinto zokwakha ze-polymer ekucubunguleni, ekugcinweni nasekusetshenzisweni, ngenxa yesenzo esibanzi sezici zangaphakathi nangaphandle, izakhiwo zayo ziwohloka kancane kancane, ukuze ukulahleka kokugcina kwenani lokusetshenziswa, lesi simo singesokuguga kwezinto ze-polymer.
Lokhu akubangeli nje ukumoshwa kwezinsiza, kodwa kuholela ngisho nasezingozini ezinkulu ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwayo, futhi ukubola kwezinto ezibangelwa ukuguga kungase kungcolise imvelo.
Ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polymer nezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa, kunezimo ezihlukene zokuguga nezici.Ngokuvamile, ukuguga kwezinto ze-polymer kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine ezilandelayo zezinguquko:
Izinguquko ekubukekeni
Kukhona amabala, amabala, imigqa esiliva, imifantu, isithwathwa, impushana, izinwele, i-warping, iso lezinhlanzi, ukushwabana, ukushwabana, ukuvutha, ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-optical kanye nokushintsha kombala obonakalayo.
Izinguquko ezimpahleni zomzimba
Kubandakanya ukuncibilika, ukuvuvukala, izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nokumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nokushisa, ukungena kwamanzi, ukungena komoya kanye nezinye izakhiwo zoshintsho.
Izinguquko kuzakhiwo zemishini
Amandla aqinile, amandla okugoba, amandla okugunda, amandla omthelela, ubude obuhlobene, ukuphumula kwengcindezi, njll.
Izinguquko ezindaweni zikagesi
Njengokumelana nendawo, ukumelana nevolumu, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric, izinguquko zamandla okuqhekeka kukagesi.
2. Izinto ezidala ukuguga kwezinto ze-polymer
Ngoba ekucutshungulweni kwe-polymer, inqubo yokusebenzisa, izothinteka ukushisa, umoya-mpilo, amanzi, ukukhanya, i-microorganism kanye nezici zemvelo ezifana nenhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ephakathi kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo kungaveza uchungechunge lwezinguquko, izakhiwo ezihambisanayo ezimbi zomzimba, ezifana njengezinwele eziqinile, eziphukayo, ezinamathelayo, ezishintsha umbala, ukuphelelwa amandla nokunye, lezi zinguquko kanye nesenzakalo esibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga.
I-polymer ephakeme ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa noma ukukhanya izokwakha ama-molecule ajabulile, lapho amandla ephakeme ngokwanele, uchungechunge lwamangqamuzana luzophuka ukuze lube ama-radicals mahhala, ama-radicals mahhala angakha ukusabela kweketanga ngaphakathi kwe-polymer, aqhubeke nokudala ukuwohloka, angase futhi abangele. ukuxhumanisa.
Uma i-oxygen noma i-ozone ikhona endaweni ezungezile, uchungechunge lokusabela kwe-oxidation lungaheheka ukuba lwakhe i-hydroperoxides (ROOH), engaphinde iboliswe ibe ngamaqembu e-carbonyl.
Uma kunezinsalela ze-ion zensimbi ze-catalyst ku-polymer, noma ama-ion ensimbi afana nethusi, insimbi, i-manganese ne-cobalt ethulwa ku-polymer ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa, ukusabela kokuwohloka kwe-oxidation kwe-polymer kuzosheshisa.
3. Izindlela zokulwa nokuguga kwezinto ze-polymer
Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokuguga zezinto ze-polymer zimi kanje:
Ukuguga kwezinto ze-polymer, ikakhulukazi ukuguga kwe-photooxygen, kuqala kuqala kusukela ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo noma umkhiqizo, obonakala njengokushintsha umbala, i-powder, ukuqhekeka, ukwehla kwe-gloss, bese kancane kancane kuya ngaphakathi.
Imikhiqizo emincane kungenzeka ukuthi yehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunemikhiqizo ewugqinsi, ngakho-ke impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo inganwetshwa ngemikhiqizo eshubile.
Ukuze kube lula ukuguga imikhiqizo, kungenziwa camera phezu noma camera nge ungqimba omuhle ukumelana sezulu enamathela, noma ungqimba olungaphandle umkhiqizo ungqimba esiyinhlanganisela yezinto ezinhle ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukuze ebusweni umkhiqizo enamathiselwe ungqimba. ungqimba oluvikelayo, ukuze kubambezeleke inqubo yokuguga.
Enqubweni yokuhlanganisa noma yokulungiselela, izinto eziningi nazo zinenkinga yokuguga.Isibonelo, umphumela wokushisa kwinqubo ye-polymerization, ukuguga kwe-oksijeni eshisayo ekucubunguleni inqubo nokunye.Ngokufanelekile, umphumela womoya-mpilo ungancishiswa ngokungeza amadivaysi e-deoxygenation noma amadivaysi okuhlanza ku-polymerization noma inqubo yokucubungula.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ingaqinisekisa kuphela ukusebenza kwempahla efektri, futhi le ndlela ingenziwa kuphela emthonjeni wokulungiswa kwezinto, ayikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yayo yokuguga ohlelweni lokuphinda lusetshenziswe futhi lusetshenziswe.
Kunamaqembu alula kakhulu ukuguga esakhiweni samangqamuzana ezinto eziningi ze-polymer, ngakho-ke ngokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana wezinto zokwakha, ukufaka esikhundleni samaqembu angelula ukuguga ngamaqembu aguga kalula ngokuvamile angadlala umphumela omuhle.
Noma ukwethulwa kwamaqembu asebenzayo noma izakhiwo ezinomphumela wokulwa nokuguga ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana e-polymer ngokuxhunyelelwa noma indlela ye-copolymerization, ukunika impahla ngokwayo umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokulwa nokuguga, kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa abacwaningi, kodwa izindleko ziphezulu, futhi ayikwazi ukufeza ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu.
Njengamanje, indlela ephumelelayo kanye nendlela evamile yokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga kwezinto ze-polymer ukwengeza izithasiselo zokulwa nokuguga, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi futhi asikho isidingo sokushintsha inqubo yokukhiqiza ekhona.Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwengeza lezi zithako zokulwa nokuguga:
Ukwengezwa okuqondile kwezithasiselo: izithasiselo ezilwa nokuguga (impushana noma uketshezi) kanye ne-resin nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwa ngokuqondile futhi zishukunyiswe ngemva kwe-extrusion granulation noma ukubunjwa komjovo, njll Ngenxa yobulula bayo, le ndlela yokwengeza isetshenziswa kabanzi ekupompeni okuningi naseku izimboni zokubumba umjovo.
Indlela yokwengeza ye-masterbatch elwa nokuguga: Kubakhiqizi abanezidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuzinza kwekhwalithi, kuvame kakhulu ukwengeza i-masterbatch elwa nokuguga ekukhiqizeni.
I-anti-aging masterbatch iyi-resin efanelekile njengesithwali, exutshwe nezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo eziphumelelayo zokulwa nokuguga, bese kuthi nge-twin-screw extruder co-extrusion granulation, izinzuzo zayo zohlelo lokusebenza zisezithasiselweni zokulwa nokuguga ohlelweni lokulungiselela izisetshenziswa zokuqala ze-masterbatch. abahlakazekile, sekwephuzile kakhulu inqubo yokucubungula izinto, i-ejenti elwa nokuguga ithola ukuhlakazeka kwesibili, Ukufeza inhloso yokuhlakazeka okufanayo kwabasizi ku-matrix ye-polymer material, hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuqina komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nokugwema ukungcoliswa kothuli ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kube luhlaza kakhulu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2022